Origin and Evolution of Organic Matter Preserved in Stardust Cometary Aerogel Tracks

Introduction: The STARDUST spacecraft captured dust samples from Comet 81P/Wild 2 at a relative velocity of 6.1 km⋅s in a low density silica aerogel and returned them to the Earth. One of the main of the scientific goals established for the mission was to determine whether comets contained complex organic materials and, contingently, the nature and abundance of this material. [1] Although contamination concerns due to carbonaceous impurities intrinsic to the flight aerogel remain, it is generally accepted that at least a fraction of the captured dust particles contain an indigenous organic component. [2] However, understanding the nature and abundance of this material is complicated by nature of the collection process. The rapid dissipation of particle’s kinetic energy during its impact and deceleration cause both the particle and surrounding aerogel to experience an intense thermal pulse of upwards of 2000K for a period up to several hundred nanoseconds [3]. During this period thermal alteration and or destruction of organic species present in the impacting particle are likely to occur. We have used the technique of ultrafast two-step laser mass spectrometry (ultra LMS) [4] to investigate how the nature and distribution of aromatic and conjugated organic species varies between and within aerogel cometary tracks and their associated terminal particles.